The existence of specific rules that organize the proper rotation of political power between rulers is one of the best ways to guarantee calm and stability in the state. Therefore, the various countries have been keen, from the beginning of their emergence to the present, to define the rules that regulate the rotation of power among their rulers. These rules differed from one country to another according to the nature of philosophy and the system that prevailed in each of them. However, we can distinguish three main types of methods of rotating power in different countries, namely: 1
. Heredity: It stipulates the transfer of power from the ruler to his heirs after him, by analogy with the transfer of money from the deceased to his heirs. This method of transfer of power is common in systems
Property . .
2. Appointment: That is, regardless of whether the ruler chooses during his life his successor in office after his death
About the relationship that binds him to that person. .
3. The election in this manner is left to the people. Or for a class, or a class,
To elect their rulers, either directly or indirectly, and often for a limited period of time, as is common under democratic regimes.
It is noted that the circulation of the chain in the Arab Islamic state did not come out mainly from these three methods, as will be evident from the study of the development of Arab political life in Jahiliyyah and Islam, to which we will present a brief summary of the circulation of power in the Arab tribe because it constitutes the historical background of the Arab Islamic state. Then it explains how this state arose at the hands of the Prophet Muhammad, so that we will then move on to discussing the methods in which the authority was transferred to the Rightly Guided Caliphs in detail, because it took as the legal precedents on which the following ages relied in drawing their ideal perceptions of the Islamic state. In it Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan to his son Yazid as the caliphate because it formed a political precedent on which the caliphs relied on who promises the caliphate a hereditary position until the end of the Ottoman Empire.
It is noticed that many ancient and contemporary writers have written about creativity and its branches of discussion. But none of them - Ali Magidr - devoted their efforts to independently addressing the issue of power rotation. In a comparative critical manner in light of what is established in constitutional law and political science, which paves the way for this research to shed more light on this dangerous aspect of the life of the Arab Islamic state.