Developing Religious, language, Grammar and literature Sciences in Andalusian Cities Founded by Muslims in the Era of the Emirate and the Caliphate (138-422 AH / 755-1031 AD)

Section: Research Paper
Published
Jun 24, 2025
Pages
242-469

Abstract

The modernized cities contributed greatly to intellectual activity and the development of the scientific aspect of Andalusia, as we have not learned that the era of the emirate is a vehicle for the activity of intellectual movement, the era in which most of the modernized cities were founded, as many factors helped the scientific development in Andalusia in general and the modernized cities in particular, including encouraging princes and the caliphs on teaching and learning and the establishment of libraries, so scientists and writers appeared, some of whom specialized in science, and the others were interested in different sciences, and the updated cities of Andalusia had a large share of that.

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How to Cite

Salem Sheet Al-Zubaidi, O., أسامة, Hamza Abbas, F., & فائزة. (2025). Developing Religious, language, Grammar and literature Sciences in Andalusian Cities Founded by Muslims in the Era of the Emirate and the Caliphate (138-422 AH / 755-1031 AD). Adab Al-Rafidayn, 51(87), 242–469. https://doi.org/10.33899/radab.2021.170098