The problem of water is one of the most important problems facing the Nile Basin countries at the regional and international levels, and it affects the relations between them, specifically the downstream countries Egypt and Sudan, especially with the Western countries trying to get closer to the African countries to ensure their interests in the region. Hence, our study came to explain the nature of the problem and its impact on Egypts relations with the Nile Basin countries, to know its causes and then to clarify the motives that led to their agreement at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The issue of water and the construction of dams on the Nile Basin, is one of the most important issues that was and still leads to tension and escalation between Egypt and the basin countries, and turned into a political and economic weapon, to reach the emergence of the crisis due to the growth of the population size and economic development, and the attempts of the Nile Basin countries to improve. the social and economic level of its citizens.