Bookcases and libraries in the Islamic world are considered one of the most prominent cultural and educational institutions produced by Islamic civilization, which contributed in an influential way to the scientific formation of generations of scholars, writers, and jurists. It also had a distinguished role in enriching the cultural and scientific life of which Islamic civilization is proud. The book Mudjam Al buldan by Yaqut al-Hamawi is one of the important geographical sources that chronicled the bookstores and libraries in the Khorasan region and Transoxiana, which was coveted by Islamic civilization. Its importance lies in the fact that Yaqut al-Hamawi was one of those who worked in the trade and sale of books in addition to his work. He was an eyewitness to many of these treasures and libraries in Khorasan and Transoxiana, so he was one of the most keen people to mention the most important of these treasures. Yaqut Ali borrowed from the books in these libraries, which contributed to drawing a clear picture of the scientific and cultural aspects of this country. Due to the importance of the cultural role played by those bookcases and libraries in Khorasan and Transoxiana, we think it is necessary to focus on the historical aspects of the history of those bookshelves and libraries and their role in scientific and cultural activity.