التدخل الروسی فی الانتخابات الامریکیة عام 2016
القسم: بحث
الملخص
تعد قضیة التدخل الروسی فی الانتخابات الامریکیة سابقة بالنسبة للامریکیین، اذ استخدمت اطراف روسیة حملة اعلامیة قویة على مختلف القنوات بما فیها التواصل الاجتماعی، واتهم فی ذلک وکالة أبحاث الإنترنت ذات الصلة بالکرملین، التی اطلقت المئات من "المتصیدین" بقصد نشر قصص وأخبار للتأثیر فی الانتخابات الامریکیة لصالح ترامب. هذا الهجوم استفز الاجهزة الاستخباریة الامریکیة فبدأت بالتحقیق برئاسة روبرت مولر مع الاجهزة الاستخباریة الثلاث، مکتب التحقیقات الفیدرالی، والاستخبارات المرکزیة، والأمن القومی. والتحقیقات ما زالت مستمرة ولم تصل الى نتیجة نهائیة، فاصبح التصور الوارد ان هناک تدخل روسی مؤکد ولکن بقیت مسالة التأثیر فی الانتخابات ونتائجها غیر مؤکدة وهی خاضعة للمتابعة.
المراجع
- .
- / 2017 . . . . (
- (Who Is Michael Flynn? 19 Things to Know About Donald Trump's Former National Security Adviser.
- https://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/
- (
- ) Presidential John Podesta, Behind the Scenes of Hillary Clinton's http://www.cc.com/video-clips/gbriry/the-daily-show-with-trevor-noah-john
- (
- ) Wilber andAruna Viswanatha, op. Cit.
- (
- ) .
- : 2016.
- (
- ) ( Michael T. Flynn) 13 2017 . . 9500 (
- ) ((Robert Mueller (
- ) Del Quentin Wilber andAruna Viswanatha, Russians Charged With Interfering in U.S. Election
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/russians-charged-with-interfering-in-u-s-election-1518804495
- (
- ) Eliza Relman and Natasha Bertrand ,Former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort was just indicted here's what you need to know about him, http://www.businessinsider.com/ .Paul Manafort asks judge to investigate leaks after Mueller questions revealed. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/
- (
- ) House Intelligence Democrats Release Response To GOP Russia Conclusions. https://www.npr.org/2018/03/13/593323095
- (
- ) Ibid
- (
- ) Ibid
- (
- )Ibid.
- (
- )Ibid.
- (
- ) KATHRYN WATSON, DNC sues Russia, WikiLeaks, Trump campaign associates, alleging conspiracy.
- https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dnc-files-lawsuit-against-russia-trump-campaign.
- (
- ) Matthew Kahn, Document: DNC Sues Russia, Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks for Election, https://www.lawfareblog.com/document-dnc-sues-russia-trump-campaign-and-wikileaks-election-interference.
- .
- http://arabic.euronews.com/2018/04/21/world-news-413905
- ((
- ) Nicole Gaouette, Latest US sanctions against Russia a work in progress
- https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/14/politics/trump-russia-sanctions-
- (
- ) WATSON, op cit
- (
- ) 35 "" .
- https://arabic.cnn.com/world/2016/12/30/russia-sanctions-announced-white
- (
- ) . DC Leaks (
- ) .
- (
- ) " " 22 /3/2018. https://arabic.rt.com/world/933891
- ((
- ) : 13 . .
- http://www.france24.com/ar/2018021
- (
- ) 17 / (2017) (Department of Justice) (DOJ) . 2017(
- ) . .
- (
- ) 17 / 2016 - - " " " " .
- .. 2016. https://www.youm7.com/story/2018/2/17/%D8%B3-%D9%88-
- ((
- ) : 18 /12/ 2016
- https://arabic.cnn.com/world/2016/12/18/commentary-responding-russia
- (
- ) 2014 " " 2015 . "" 2015: " ". :
- https://www.tahrirnews.com/posts/870614
- (
- ) " 25.02.2018
- https://arabic.rt.com/world/929057-
- (
- ) " ". 25/2/ 2018 |https://arabic.rt.com/world/929057-
- (
- ) : " " 7 /6/ 2017
- http://www.bbc.com/arabic/world-40184813
- ((
- ) Sofacy () Sofacy . APT28 . .
- http://www.akhbarak.net/news/2018/03/18/14941630/articles
- (
- ) (
- ) . 2016 .
- Zack Beauchamp, The key findings from the US intelligence report on the Russia hack, decoded.
- https://www.vox.com/world/2017/1/6/14194986/russia-hack-intelligence-report-election-trump
- (
- ) (
- ) . "" (Trols) 2016 - 29 2016 35 / 2017 (
- ) (20000) . (John Podesta)(
- ) (12) . (18) . . "" ""(
- ) 2016(
- ) (
- ) (
- ).
- (
- ).
- (
- ).
- : " . ". : " "(
- ).
- (
- ).
- : " - - ". (
- ).
- (
- ).
- . - APT28 Sofacy (
- ).
- . . " " (
- ).
- . / 2016 . (
- ).
- / 2016 "donaldtrump.com" Mueller . / 2016 " " " " (
- ).
- : " ". " - - "(
- ).
- . ( ) : " ". " ". ( ) . ( ) " " (
- ).
- (
- ).
- " ". " " . ( ) 2015 2016 (
- ).
- (FBI) (CIA) (NSA) . . (
- ).
- "" "" "" "" (
- ).
- () . . ( ) . : " "(
- ).
- : " " 2016(
- ).
- . : " - - "(
- ).
- . (
- ).
- / 2018 : " " 2016. " ".(
- ).
- RT - " "- : spearphishing . (
- ).
- : " . "(
- ).
- " " . "" "" . " " 2016(
- ).
- " . " . " " . " " (
- ). . .
- ( ) " 6 2017 3:58 (
- ). "" . . . . (
- ). 2 / 2017 . 2016 . (
- ). 13 2016 " "(
- ). / 114 96 " " . . (
- ). . (66) ( ) : . (
- ). ( ) . "" . . " "(
- ). .
- 3 3 5 (
- ). (
- ). : (Carter William Page) (
- ). . : " 2016 ". : " " (
- )ALICIA PARLAPIANO and JASMINE C. LEE FEB,The Propaganda Tools Used by Russians to Influence the 2016 Election.
- https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/16/us/politics/russia-propaganda-election-2016
- (
- )Del Quentin Wilber andAruna Viswanatha, Russians Charged With Interfering in the U.S. Election Indictment in Mueller probe details how Moscow manipulated U.S.:
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/russians-charged-with-interfering-in-u-s
- Watson, op cit.
- (
- )How Hackers Broke Into John Podesta and Colin Powells Gmail Accounts Lorenzo Franceschi-Bicchierai Oct 20 2016, https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/mg7xjb/how-hackers-broke-into-
- (
- )Ibid
- (
- )Ibid.
- )Ibid.
- (
- )Ibid..
- (
- )Mueller charges 13 Russians with interfering in US election to help Trump
- https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/16/robert-mueller-russians-charged-election
- (
- )Mueller charges 13 Russians with interfering in US election to help Trump https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/feb/16/robert-mueller.
- (
- )OLIVIA BEAVERS AND AVERY ANAPOL, DNC sues Russia, Trump campaign and WikiLeaks over alleged election interference.
- http://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/384135-dnc-sues-russian-government-trump-campaign-wikileaks-alleging
- (
- )Read the full, op .cit.
- (
- )Read the full, unclassified intelligence report on Russian hacking here. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/russian-president-vladimir-putin-
- (
- )Read the full, unclassified intelligence report on Russian hacking here.https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/russian-president-vladimir-putin-
- : " " , 7 / 2017.
- https://arabic.cnn.com/world/2017/01/07/intelligence-report-putin-election
- (
- )Russia, Trump, and the 2016 U.S. Election,
- https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/russia-trump-and-2016-us-election
- (
- )Russian troll farm, 13 suspects indicted in 2016 election interference.
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-troll-farm-13-
- (
- )Trump and the Russia investigation: What to know, By Kaitlyn Schallhorn http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/04/27/trump-and-russia.
- (
- )U.S. Treasury 'Working' On New Sanctions Against Russian Oligarchs, February 15, 2018. https://www.rferl.org/a/us-treasury-mnuchin-says-again-preparing-new-
- (
- )U.S. Treasury head says new Russia sanctions expected within weeks.
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-sanctions/u-s-treasury-head-says-
- (
- )With New Sanctions, Senate Forces Trumps Hand on Russia.
- https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/us/politics/senate-russia-sanctions-
- (
- )
- http://www.dw.com/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A
- (
- .
- (
- /12/ 2018
- http://www.masrawy.com/news/news_press/details/2018/1/6/1236375/%D
- (
- / 1944 / 2001 / 2013. . - - . - - . 1966 1967 1973.
- (
تنزيل هذا الملف
الإحصائيات
كيفية الاقتباس
Al – Shahwan, H., & حسن الشهوان ه. (2025). التدخل الروسی فی الانتخابات الامریکیة عام 2016. مجلة دراسات إقليمية, 13(40), 133–166. https://doi.org/10.33899/regs.2019.163592