The Holy Quran is very rich with verses that encourage, guarantee and even protect human rights and raise their status and the rank of citizens, regardless of their colour, gender or religion, and equality in rights and duties in front of the law and in front of Allah in this world and in the hereafter. The Prophet Mohammed messenger of Allah was a doctrine in applying the concept of human rights from a practical point of view and making it a reality in the Islamic state, and Rightly Guided Caliphs after him give the subjects their rights and protect them from encroachment upon them. It was known that the Mamluk state Ayyubid state, that came out of the womb of the Islamic Nation presented by the Abbasid Caliphate which was to adhere to implement human rights, and before it the Umayyad Caliphate, the Mamluks were raised in real Islamic incubators. The research included a preface, an introduction, a conclusion, and two topics. The first one dealt with the motives of the Mamluk state to take care of the rights of the elements of society, which included legal, political and economic motives in addition to humanitarian motives. The second dealt with the rights of the dhimmis in the Mamluk state in terms of political, economic and social rights.