The Translation of the Downtoners in the Literary Texts into Arabic
Abstract
Downtoners (as a grammatical notion) or hedgers (as a functional perspective) can be defined as a group of adverbs that can be used to scale down the effect of the item they modify, i.e. to reduce the force of the item (Via Internet, 2002). People often do not assert what they say fully. They usually use linguistic devices which indicate limited conviction in the proposition they express. For instance, in English there are certain expressions such as: kind of, sort of, somewhat, almost, and the models: may, might, and various particles that indicate the sort of evidence the speaker has for his utterance. This linguistic phenomenon, however, is not restricted to linguistic expressions, it may extend to include other non-linguistic devices: tone of voice, intonation, gestures, facial expressions and so on which enable the partners in linguistic exchange to make inferences not only about the literal meaning of what is said but also about its possible interpersonal implications and consequences (Arndt and Janney, 1985, cited in al-Rassam, 2004: 33-34). Urrea (2006) states that when the speaker uses downtoners, his intention is to weaken the assertion and to ease the anticipated unwelcome effect because such words can contribute to creating a mitigating effect that modifies the strength of a speech act.