Animal and vegetable oils, occupied a prominent in the Iraqi society; it is important materials in human life, directly or indirectly, from ancient times in Mesopotamia until know, as it is often mentioned at the beginning of list of the necessary materials need by the people of Mesopotamia, because, it is listed after the most important element in human life, the water, it was mentioned in the cuneiform texts found at Mesopotamia, one of the letters, dated to the first millennium BC., mentioned: the translation, "the dominance of the king took hold, my lord, like water and oil all over the people and countries. The process of sesame plant, comes from its contain for more than 50 % of the oil, it's also, contains a high content of Protein and Carbohydrates, sesame plant, its oil, and its seeds have an important situation in the Mesopotamian society, because of it's multi uses, and diversity, and the increasing demand for it, whether, as a food, as well as commercial and industrial uses, moreover, religious purposes, also, seeds waste was used after the squeezing the oil. People of Mesopotamia knew extracting of both oil kinds, including vegetable olives and aromatic plant oils, within sesame oil. This research will focus on the origin of sesame plant, its cultivation, as well as, how to extract its oil, moreover, their uses in the daily life of the Ancient Iraqis, according to what the cuneiform texts from Mesopotamian were, provide us, and from several periods of its history.