Karamism is a religious-political movement: studied through the biographies of its leaders

Section: Research Paper
Published
Jun 24, 2025
Pages
153-164

Abstract

Karamiyya - at the beginning of the eleventh century AD - reached the apogee of its greatness, as a religious sect with wide influence among the poor of Khorasan, especially the peasants, who became a solid pillar of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (988-1030 AD), who was looking to extend his conquests in India. Assigns the administrative positions in his country, especially the city leadership, to the notables of the country. And he resorted sometimes to granting these positions to the leaders of the Muslims, who had a wide popular influence among the population. Thus we see that the presidency of the city of Nishapur - the capital of Khorasan - assigned a period of time to Abu Bakr Muhammad, the leader of the dignified community that Barthald described as ascetic and piety (Pietistic). Let us say that Khorasan witnessed a social, religious and political revolution in its hands: it lasted for nearly a century.
The founder of this sect is Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Karam bin Araf. He was born in the year 805AD: in the village of Zaranj in Sijistan: on the authority of an Arab father from the Nizar tribe. He left Sijistan in his youth, and traveled in the Jordan Valley and Rajasthan
And the outskirts of Khorasan. They spread his principles and teachings. Announcing his disagreement with both Sunni and Shiite sects. Then Balkh introduced, and his meetings increased there with the ascetic Ahmad ibn Harb, where he took a step back from him. Then he studied the hadith on Ibrahim bin Yusuf al-Makiani, and soon he left Balkh to Saraw, and he narrated there on the authority of Ali bin Hajar, then he studied hadith in Herat at the hands of Abdullah bin Malik al-Sulaymani. And after he crossed Makkah five years from 844 to 849 AD, he locked back to his home in Sijistan, passing through Jerusalem and Nisapur. Upon his arrival, Sijistan sold all his possessions and showed asceticism, devotion and austerity. A group of villagers fascinated him, but the people of Sijistan hated him and stood in his way, and sought to kill him. However, its owner was afraid to do that when he saw in Ibn Karam of the imaginations of devotion and austerity, and was satisfied with his exile to Nishapur, where he began to preach the farmers and spread his principles of anthropomorphism and metaphor, so many followed him.

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How to Cite

Noury, M., & مفید. (2025). Karamism is a religious-political movement: studied through the biographies of its leaders. Adab Al-Rafidayn, 1(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.33899/radab.1971.166528