This research sheds light on the use of componential analysis in the translation of military terms in Hemingway's novel" A Farewell to Arms" from English into Arabic. It tries to solve the problem of translating some military terms by using componential analysis as an assessment tool of translation. This approach involves the analysis of the word's meaning into certain components by decomposing or breaking down the sense or meaning of the word into its semantic features. Then , the target language possible renditions are analysed into basic sense components to find whether all sense component of SL item are there in the TL item or not and to find the effectiveness of context in rendering such items .Three Arabic renditions of some military terms in Hemingway's novel" A Farewell to Arms" have been analysed and assessed according to the proposed model . Finally, the main conclusions of the study are given .