This study aims at investigating the reality of the representation of women in leadership positions and in the challenges that hinder women from assuming these positions. It also examines the mechanisms and means that enable women to reach leadership positions. This study is part of the descriptive and analytical studies that identify a specific phenomenon and then depict these. The study included (80) women representing the research community, who represent the sample of women employed in different work establishments in the city of Mosul. The method of intentional sample, and the adoption of the method of social survey using various methods such as questionnaire, interview, and observation. The research assumed that there are several challenges facing the representation of women in leadership positions, and indeed the study proved that the respondents face many challenges related to political aspects in the first place, followed by cultural and social challenges in the second place, while personal challenges came in the third degree, and challenges related to the work environment finally resolved.