Caliph Abu-al-Abbas nominated his brother Jafar (ibn Muhammad ibn Ali) for the caliphate before he died, ()Jafar, who took the name "al-Mansur-billah or, supported by God with victory" was one of the greatest of the Abbasides, and the thirty-five caliphs who came after him were all his lined descendents.(2) In his time the Islamic Arab caliphate was reaching maturity and moving towards culture, literature and the arts.3)