The shift in literary criticism from aesthetic appreciation to an objectivist approach: reasons and manifestations

Literary criticism emerges from literature itself, and literature is shaped by both the environment and the writer. The goal of literary criticism is to determine the meaning of literature, its purpose, and its emotional and expressive values. It also involves discussing the tools of literature, the methods used to create it, and the various literary arts.There are many studies on this topic; some are modern, while others are ancient. However, this subject warrants further exploration. Ancient scholars addressed this topic, beginning with Ibn al-Salam al-Jumahi and continuing through al-Jahiz, Ibn Qutaybah, al-Qadi al-Jurjani, and Ibn Rasheq, up to Muhammad Mandour, Sayyid Qutb, and Ahmad Amin in the modern era.This research includes an introduction and two sections: In the introduction, we discuss the origins of literary criticism. The first section examines the reasons for the reliance of literary criticism on scientific trends, identifying the time and environment of this transformation. The second section focuses on the manifestations of literary criticisms influence on the scientific approach and the emergence of accompanying methods, such as contextual and textual criticism. In conclusion, we review the most important findings of our study.