العشوائیات السکنیة بین حق الإنسان فی السکن ومعاییر السکن اللائق

القسم: RESEARCH
منشور
Oct 1, 2020
##editor.issues.pages##
407-451

الملخص

یقدر عدد الذین یعیشون فی العشوائیات السکنیة بحوالی ملیار إنسان یقطنون فی مساکن غیر لائقة، ویرزحون تحت أوضاع معیشیة متردیة للغایة، ویفتقر معظمهم إلى أمن الحیازة، مما یجعلهم عرضةً للإخلاء القسری وغیره من انتهاکات حقوق الإنسان، وغالباً ما یحرمون من الحصول على المیاه الصالحة للشرب وعلى خدمات الصرف الصحی والتعلیم والرعایة الصحیة. وقد أکدت لجنة الأمم المتحدة للحقوق الاقتصادیة والاجتماعیة والثقافیة أن الحق فی السکن اللائق لا یمکن أن یفسر تفسیراً ضیقاً، بل ینبغی أن ینظر إلیه على أنه الحق فی العیش فی مکان ما بأمان وسلام وکرامة، إذ یشمل الحق فی السکن اللائق العدید من الحریات والحقوق وفی مقدمتها حمایة الفرد من عملیات الاخلاء القسری ومن تدمیر وهدم مسکنه تعسفاً، وحق الفرد فی عدم التعرض للتدخل التعسفی فی مسکنه وحیاته الخاصة وشؤون أسرته، فضلاً عن حق الفرد فی اختیار محل اقامته وفی تحدید مکان عیشه وحریته فی التنقل، کما یجب أن یوفر السکن اللائق أکثر من مجرد أربعة جدران وسقف، بل یجب استیفاء عدد من الشروط قبل أن یکون بالإمکان اعتبار أشکال معینة من السکن ((سکناً لائقاً))، إذ یجب أن یستوفی سکن الإنسان فی حده الأدنى عدداً من المعاییر المتمثلة بأمن الحیازة وتوافر الخدمات والمرافق والبنى التحتیة، فضلاً عن القدرة على تحمل التکالیف، والصلاحیة للسکن، وتیسیر تلبیة الاحتیاجات، وأخیراً الملائمة من الناحیة الثقافیة.

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