المناطق العشوائیة فی العراق (دراسة فی التشریعات القانونیة والتوظیف السیاسی)
الملخص
تحتل مسألة تنظیم وتطویر المناطق العشوائیة اهمیة بالغة بالنسبة للدول الحدیثة على الرغم من اختلاف اسالیب تطبیقها, وهی أحدى اهم الازمات کذلک التی تعانی منها أغلب المحافظات العراقیة بعد عام 2003. فلم یکن المشرع العراقی موفقاً فی جزء من تشریعاته إذ أهدرت بعض نصوصه التشریعیة حق المجتمع من الاقتصاص من الجانی مما شجع على التمادی بانتهاک حرمة الاملاک العامة, إضافة الى ذلک لوحظ هنالک تخبط بعض التشریعات القانونیة ما بین الحد من مرتکبی التجاوزات وازالتها والبعض الاخر یستحضر الجانب السیاسی فی التعامل مع تلک المحرمات ما أربک عمل الدوائر المختصة. واذ یتناول البحث مشکلة التشریعات القانونیة وآلیة المعالجة والتوظیف السیاسی لتلک التشریعات النافذة فضلا عن ذلک تأثیرها على التصمیم الاساس والجانب العمرانی, ولتحقیق الفائدة فان البحث سوف یقوم بالتعرف على بعض التجارب العالمیة المختلفة وذلک للاستفادة من هذه التجارب و ما حققته للارتقاء بالمناطق العشوائیة وتطویرها, فضلاً عن بیان أهم التشریعات القانونیة منذ تأسیس الدولة العراقیة ولحد الان وإبراز إمکانیة استغلالها لتحقیق مکاسب سیاسیة وتوظیفها لتحقیق مصالح دون الوطنیة.
المراجع
- - Abdel Mohsen Barada, Al-Jawani Positive in Stochastic Growth Processes, The Egyptian Society of Engineers, Issue 373, Year 42, April 1986, p. 19.
- - Abdul Zahra Muhammad Al-Hindawi, Slums from Appearance to Vanishing, Al-Sabah Newspaper, Friday, July 19, 2019 Available at: alsobaah.iq/11591
- - Ahmad Zaki Badawi, Dictionary of Social Sciences Terms, Beirut Library, 1978.
- - Khalid bin Saleh Al-Zahrani, Slum areas in Makkah Al-Mukarramah between reality and expectations towards a safe and sustainable environment, Master Thesis in Architecture, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1435 AH.
- - The reality of the phenomenon of random housing, a report issued by the Iraqi Ministry of Planning, the Central Bureau of Statistics. Available at: www.cosit.goviq
- - Zikra Abd al-Moneim Ibrahim, Slums from the point of view of the residents of the surrounding urban areas, Journal of the College of Arts / University of Baghdad, Issue 100, 2012, pp. 547-549.
- - Abdul Zahra Muhammad Al-Hindawi, Slums from Appearance to Vanishing, Al-Sabah Newspaper, Friday, July 19, 2019, available at alsobaah.iq/11591
- - Ahmad Husayn Abu al-Hija, Towards a Comprehensive Strategy to Treat Slums: Jordan: A Case Study, Journal of the Islamic University, Volume 9, Issue 1.
- - Ahmed Amin Al-Mukhtar, Planning to reduce random growth, General Authority for Urban Planning, Cairo, Heliopolis, 1989.
- - Allam Ahm Khalid bin Saleh Al-Zahrani, Slum areas in Makkah Al-Mukarramah between reality and expectations towards a safe and sustainable environment, Master Thesis in Architecture, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1435 AH.
- - Firas Jassim Musa, Informal Settlements in Iraq, A Reading in the Dangers and Solutions, Department of Research and Studies / Iraqi Parliament, May 2, 2017.
- - Allam Ahmed Khaled, the neighborhood renewal, Cairo, in the year 1979.
- - Cabinet decisions, session on 5/17/2019, available at www.cabinat.com 94-97.
- - Dhikra Abd al-Moneim Ibrahim, Informal Settlements from the Viewpoint of the Population of the Neighboring Urban Areas, Journal of the College of Arts / University of Baghdad, Issue 100, 2012.
- - Istabraq Ibrahim Al-Shawk, Adequate Housing for a Better Life, a working paper submitted to the Arab Council of Housing and Construction Ministers, 31st session, Baghdad, 2014.
- - Firas Jassim Musa, Slums in Iraq, A Reading in the Dangers and Solutions, Department of Research and Studies / Iraqi Parliament, May 2, 2017.
- - George Touma Touma, Factors Affecting the Creation of Slums and Upgrading Policies, Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies, Engineering Sciences Series, Volume 35, Issue 3, 2013.
- - Khaled, The Renewal of the Neighborhoods, Cairo, Publication Year, 1993.
- - Minutes of Parliament No. 17 of 2017, available at the link www.ar.pui: ament.iq.
- - Istabraq Ibrahim Al-Shawk, Adequate Housing for a Better Life, a working paper submitted to the Arab Council of Housing and Construction Ministers, 31st session, Baghdad, 2014.
- - Mohamed El-Gohary and others, Sociology and Social Problems, Al-Aarteya Offset Press, Giza, Egypt, 2005.
- - Nourhan Ghoneim, The Slum Bomb and the In-Kind Experience (Opinion), Al-Masry Al-Youm Newspaper, June 16, 2016, shaek.lmasryalyum.com.
- - Jamal Baqer Mutlaq, Determining proposals to solve the problem of random housing (an analytical study of the city of Baghdad for the period from 2003-2008), Journal of Planning and Development, University of Baghdad, Issue 33, year 2016.
- - Nourhan Ghoneim, The Slums Bomb and the In-Kind Experience (Opinion), Al-Masry Al-Youm Newspaper, 16 June 2016, an article published at the following link: shaek.lmasryalyum.com
- - Sabri Faris, Urban Geography, Dar Al Kutub for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, 1986.
- - Magda Mitoul, Slums between removal and development, Slums Symposium, May 15-17, 1994, Environment Promotion Association, Cairo, 1994.
- - Omar Al-Jafal, Informal Settlements in Baghdad: Countries Everywhere, As-Safir Al-Arabi, 5/12/2019, available at the following link: assafirar abi.com LarL28197 L2019>. .
- - Omar Musa Boudharah, The Causes Leading to the Informal Building Phenomenon, a Field Study of the Municipality of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar in Libya, a study published in Al-Mukhtar Journal for Human Sciences, Issue 26, Libya.
- - Within the decisions of the meeting of the Supreme Steering Committee for the Treatment of Informal Settlements, the Ministry of Planning reviews its preparations for conducting a comprehensive survey of informal settlements, available on the Ministry's link mop.gov.iq
- - Shafiq Al-Wadi, An Egyptian Theory on the German Experience of Developing Degraded Areas, Journal of the Egyptian Society of Engineers, No. 3, 1989.
- - Within the decisions of the meeting of the Supreme Steering Committee for the Treatment of Informal Settlements, the Ministry of Planning reviews its preparations for conducting a comprehensive survey of informal settlements, available on the Ministry's link mop.gov.iq
- Five/ World Wide Web sites for information
- Four/ Reports & Legislation
- List of sources
- One/ Books
- Three/ Research
- Two/ Scientific letters and dissertations