العقوبات الانضباطیة المقنعة –دراسة مقارنة-
الملخص
على غرار العقوبات الانضباطیة الصریحة التی تتخذها السلطة التأدیبیة، والتی یترتب علیها توقیع عقوبات انضباطیة کما هو منصوص علیها قانونا، الا ان هناک نوعا من العقوبات التی توقعها الادارة على الموظف دون اللجوء الى الاجراءات الانضباطیة المنصوص علیها قانونا، لغرض التخلص من الموظف بأیسر التکالیف، وحتى لا یتعرض قرارها للإلغاء من طرف القضاء الاداری، وما یترتب على الالغاء من ضرورة اعادة الموظف الى منصبه وتسویة وضعیته المهنیة، وهذا النوع من العقوبات هو ما یعرف بالعقوبة المقنعة. ویعد هذا النوع من العقوبات خروجا صارخا واعتداء صریحا على مبدا الشرعیة الذی تلتزم فیه سلطات التأدیب بعقوبات محددة وقیود واثار معینة، کما یمثل انحرافا عن السلطة التقدیریة، دون ان تبغی من ورائها المصلحة العامة، ولعل السبب فی تسمیة تلک العقوبات بالمقنعة، هو ان جهة الادارة قد تجد نفسها امام موظف یحمل افکار معینة، او یمارس سلوکا مناهضا لمواقفها، ولا یمثل خطا تأدیبیا یمکن مؤاخذته علیه، لقد تعددت صور العقوبات المقنعة واصبحت تمثل اسلوبا شائعا فی مجال التأدیب الى الحد الذی صارت تمثل ظاهرة جدیرة بالبحث لإیجاد الحلول المعالجة لها، وتظهر صعوبة العقوبات المقنعة فی البحث عن نیة جهة الادارة، لان الادارة تدعی بانها تحقق المصلحة العامة اذ الظاهر یمثل ذلک، لکن نیتها تثبت العکس لذا فان القضاء یعتمد على بعض القرائن والظروف الملائمة، مثل معاصرة قرار النقل لعقوبة انضباطیة او النقل الذی یکلف الموظف مصاریف باهظة اذ یأخذ بعین لاعتبار جسامة التدبیر.
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