Forms of Disciplinary Penalties under the State and Public Sector Employees Discipline Law No. 14 of 1991 (Amended): A Comparative Study 1991 (Amended): A Comparative Study

The State and Public Sector Employees Discipline Law No. (14) of 1991, as amended, along with comparative Egyptian legislation, explicitly and exhaustively defines the types of disciplinary penalties that the administration may impose on negligent public employees. Due to the seriousness of disciplinary sanctions, which affect the financial standing of the employee and their family, most countries have adopted general legal principles in their disciplinary systems to regulate the administrations discretionary power in disciplinary matters. Among these principles, the most important is the principle of legality of disciplinary punishment, which requires the administration to apply only penalties prescribed by law. This study aims to clarify the concept of disciplinary penalties and their forms as outlined in the amended State and Public Sector Employees Discipline Law No. (14) of 1991 and the Egyptian Civil Service Law No. (81) of 2016. It also highlights the general legal principles governing disciplinary punishment. The research employs an analytical methodology focused on the relevant legal texts related to disciplinary penalties. The study is divided into two main sections: the first explains the concept of disciplinary punishment, while the second examines the various forms of disciplinary penalties. Among the key findings, the research concludes that the penalties of dismissal and removal can only be imposed based on the reasons specified in Article 8, paragraphs seventh and eighth, of the State and Public Sector Employees Discipline Law No. (14) of 1991.