Hepcidin, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Sleep Disorder.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women. In 2003, the Rotterdam criteria were developed and adopted in diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome, which is characterized by: A) Lack of ovulation or its cessation, which causes a difference in the menstrual cycle. B) The presence of a clinical or biochemical sign of high androgens. C) When diagnosed with ultrasound, there is a clear appearance of the presence of polycystic ovaries in women. When the distinctive signs of the disease appear in adolescence, they continue during the years before menopause, and even after menopause, women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at greater risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. The most concerning risk factor for infected women is age, so affected women must constantly follow up and treat when infected with any type of ovarian cysts to reduce the occurrence of malignant tumors and their risks. The causes of polycystic ovary syndrome are many and varied, but the exact mechanisms and pathophysiology have not been comprehensively understood and clarified yet. Hepcidin increases significantly in cases of inflammation, infection, and high iron levels, but in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, a decrease in its level was observed. This may be due to an increase in the hormone's androgen and testosterone, which are signs of polycystic ovary syndrome, or its decrease may be due to an increase in the absorption of dietary iron. The hormone melatonin works to regulate the bodys biological clock, and research indicates that its level is lower in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to healthy people, which may be due to metabolic disorders or a high level of testosterone.