Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and some Oxidative Stress Enzymes in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

The pathophysiological relationship of leukemia has been linked to Oxidant compounds, as an imbalance between oxidants and Antioxidants compounds leads to a state of oxidative stress (OS), and this leads to increased activation of different transcription factors in leukemia patients. Leukemia treatment and diagnosis are closely linked to OS, which is an important factor in the appearance and development of the disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the level of Glutaredoxin-1 (Grx1), Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), Catalase (Cat), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Lipooxygenase (LOX), Xanthine oxidase (XO), Lactoperoxidase (LP) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) in leukemia patients and compared it with the control group, to determine of Grx1 level and some OS Enzymes, effect of age and increasing the period for the occurrence of the disease, as well as the effect of body mass index on patients.This research included 90 samples, 64 ALL patients and 26 healthy people. Samples were collected from a dedicated pediatric leukemia teaching hospital from Dohuk and Mosul, Iraq from September to December 2023. Depending on this study, Grx1, CAT, XO and GST elevated greatly in ALLpatients compared with the control group, but MsrA and MPO levels decreased statistically significantly. Age effect with increases showed that Grx1, CAT, MPO and XO increased significantly in groups of patients, but MsrA declined with increasing age. Grx1 and GST increased in patients with an increased duration of illness. MsrA level from 1 to 24 months has a non-significant difference between the three groups but in 25 to 36 months have increased between the three groups, and MPO level from 1 to 24 months has declined significantly. Finally, the effect of BMI on ALLpatients, Grx1, CAT, MPO, XO and GST levels have increased statistically significantly with increased BMI, and MsrA levels have declined significantly in patients. It was noted from our study that the levels of Grx1 and MsrA have a prominent role in determining the extent to which patients are affected by ALL, which can have a role in treating and monitoring the development of the disease.