Role of Spirulina platensis on some Physiological Aspects in Paracetamol-Induced Subacute Toxicity in Male Rats

The last two decades witnessed focusing on the role of spirulina in protecting organs against oxidative stress and toxic metabolites. Therefore, this study aimed to detect its potential protection influence on the brain, liver, and kidney in paracetamol-induced subacute toxicity in male rats. Animals were administered paracetamol 500mg/kg body weight, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight Spirulina in set with paracetamol for 28 constitutive days. Spirulina tablets were grounded and dissolved in distilled water then administered to rats 3 days before starting with paracetamol. Open field was used to probe neurotoxicity effects of paracetamol treated group and the combination of Spirulina and paracetamol treated groups in day 14th and 28th of treatment. Liver and kidney functions were tested at the end of treatment on day 29th;aspartate aminotransferase AST, alanine transaminase ALT, gamma-glutamyl transferase GGT, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen BUN. Histopathological changes were tested in brain, liver, and kidney. High concentration of spirulina markedly affected on neurobehavioral activity represented by increasing number of rearing, grooming, and square crossing compared to paracetamol treated group. Liver enzymes levels in Spirulina and paracetamol treated animals were significantly decreased compared with only paracetamol treated animals. Kidney function in Spirulina and paracetamol treated animals was also noticeably decrease in comparison with only paracetamol treated animals. Histopathological changes caused by paracetamol in brain, liver, and kidney were reduced in animals received Spirulina 1000mg/kg body weight. The results of the current study detected that Spirulina has capacity to protect organs; including brain, liver, and kidney against paracetamol induced toxicity. This may due to spirulina richness with variety of nutrients, in particular, antioxidants.