Al-Bazzaz, Saad, and سعد. “Mustafa Ismail and His Role in the Fall of Tunisia 1853-1881”. Adab Al-Rafidayn 51, no. 84 (June 24, 2025): 349–369. Accessed August 9, 2025. https://ojs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/2542.