Alaa Mahmoud, Z. and Muhammad Qadir, N. 2022. The Historical Roots of the Mongols and the Official Start of their State in 603 AH / 1205 AD. Adab Al-Rafidayn. 52, 90 (Sep. 2022), 594–620. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33899/radab.2022.175677.