shaaban akosh ABO SHAABAN, mohammad, محمد, Abdo AlHaji, J. and جميل 2025. The political and military situation in Andalusia during the era of Prince Hisham bin Abdul Rahman and his foreign relations : ((172هـ -180هـ / 788-796م). Adab Al-Rafidayn. 55, 100 (Jun. 2025), 305–322. DOI:https://doi.org/10.33899/radab.2024.150935.2184.