Journal of Wahj Al-Ulom for Pure Sciences

Effects of exposing Strawberry Fragaria ananassa Duch callus to ultrasonic waves on biomass, protein content, anthocyanin levels, and vitamin C.

Waad Mahmood Al-Hamdani, Jamella Hazaa Rasheed — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The current study was able to detect the supportive effects of Fragaria ananassa D growing on Murashige & Skoog solid (MS) medium supplemented with the addition of 1.0 mg L-1 6-Benzyladenin(BA) + 4.0 mg L-1 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposed to ultrasonic sound waves affected some growth characteristics and chemical and physical properties of callus. These waves were used at a frequency of 47.6 KHz at four times: 10, 20, 30, 40 minutes. Data were taken for two age stages, 15 and 30 days of callus growth, and the levels of anthocyanin pigment, protein content, and vitamin C were estimated. The data confirmed an increase in fresh weight and protein content in all treatments, and the duration of exposure was 40 minutes longer than the rest, as an increase in callus mass, anthocyanin pigment levels, and protein content was achieved, recording 2.30 grams. And 3.60 mg/g and 2.22mg/g, respectively, at the age of 15 days of exposure. The results indicated a decrease in anthocyanin pigment, reaching 1.50mg/g, with an increase in protein content to 2.75mg/g, after 30days of exposure, while there was a decrease in
vitamin C levels compared to samples of unexposed callus for the two age stages, 15-30 days

Spectrophotometric Determination of hiamin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations by Azo-Coupling Reactions with Sulphacetamide Sodium Reagent.

Esraa Ahmed Khalil , Saad H. Sultan — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of Thiamin Hydrochloride (THH) in aqueous solution has been proposed . The method is based on coupling of thiamine hydrochloride with diazotized sulphacetamide sodium (SUD) in alkaline medium and in presence of cetyltrimthylammumonium bromide (CTAB) to form a pink water- soluble dye that is stable and has maximum absorption at 512nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandells sensitivity values of the formed dye were 1.36×10⁴-L.mol1-1.cm, 0.02479 μg.cm-1 respectively. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range (0.5-40μg.mL-1). The linear regression coefficients values were a=0.0404, b=-0.0137, and r2=0.9985 calculated for the general equation of the calibration curve (y=ax+b). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be (0.135 and 0.452μg.mL-1) respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of thiamine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations as tablets & injections.

Immunological and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium parvum parasite infection causing diarrhea in some areas of Mosul city

Hiba Y. Qasim, Rana I. Mohammed, Firas M.B.Alkhashab — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Fecal samples were collected from 154 children suffering from chronic watery diarrhea from the beginning of July 2023 to the end of December 2023 from Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital for Children The aim of the study was to immunologically and molecularly detect infection with the Cryptosporidium parvum parasite in children under five years of age. in Nineveh Governorate, where 52 (33.76%) samples showed a positive result, while the number of negative samples was (102). through the use of ELISA technology

The Nested polymerase chain reaction method was also used to diagnose the presence of the parasite in the samples. The number of samples examined was 32, with 6 (18.75%) samples out of the total showing a positive result for the presence of the parasite.

Effect of cobalt chloride on some antioxidants and Lipid Peroxidation in the Liver of Coturnix coturnix Japonica

Zainab Zuheir , Amal A. Al-Kshab — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to determine the level of effectiveness of non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione and enzymatic antioxidants catalase and the level of malonidedehyde in the liver of quail birds Coturnix coturnix japonica, (100) birds at the age of (22) days distributed in a cage and divided into four groups that included a group control as for the rest of the groups was exposed to cobalt chloride at Dosages of (30،50 and 70 mg/kg) dry weight for periods of (5, 15 and 30) days. The results showed that there was no significant decrease in the level of Glutathione in the liver for the exposure period of (5) days compared to the control group. During the exposure period (15 and 30) days، it was a significant decrease in the level of glutathione in all Dosages used in the experiment compared to the control group. The level of catalase showed that there was no significant decrease in the short exposure period of (5) days compared to the control group. In the exposure period of (15and 30) days، it was observed from the results that there was a significant decrease in the level of effectiveness.

Spectrophotometric determination of aminophenol isomers by Prussian blue formation

Amina Ammar Al-Khero , Mohammed S. Al-Enizzi — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A spectroscopic method was developed to estimate the isomers of aminophenols (ortho, meta- and para-aminophenol) by oxidation reactions of these compounds using ferric chloride to produce ferrous ions which subsequently react with potassium ferric cyanide and forming prussian blue complex. These products had maximum absorption at the wavelengths of 690, 688 and 704 nm for each of them, respectively. The molar absorbances were 1.19×10⁴, 2.51×10⁴, and 1.54×10⁴ L/mol.cm for concentrations, that followed Beer’s law in the range of 0.5-10, 0.125-8.75, and 0.125-15 μg/ml, for the above compounds, respectively. The accuracy of the method ranged between 98.60% and 102.71%, while the precision was less than 1.2% for all studied compounds, and that the average of stability constant for the formed complexes is 2.60 x 10¹³, 1.42 x 10¹⁰, and 6.02 x 10¹² L²/mol² for each of the products of ortho, meta, and para-aminophenol, respectively, which indicates good stability of these products.

A selective quantitative assay of p-phenylenediamine in henna and hair dyes

Ekram M. Ali , Hana Sh. Mahmood — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

P-phenylenediamine (PPD) is an aniline derivative with crystalline appearance easily oxidized to provide a darkness color, therefore used as a color developer or as permanent color in hair dye. PPD has been determined in henna and hair dyes of black, brown, grey, and blonde color of different origins. The aim of this study is to know the concentrations of this substance in hair dyes and compare them with each other. the principle of oxidative-coupling criteria has been followed by the oxidation a PPD in aqueous medium then coupling with 2,7-DHN in basic medium to form a stable complex measured at 582nm. Beer’s law was obeyed from 1.02 to38 µg/mL, The method has high sensitivity and low limits of detection and quantitation (0.36771x104 L.mol-1.cm-1, 0.052 µg/mL and 0.176 µg/mL respectively). Henna contains 0.625 mg PPD /0.2 g which consider the highest value, while hair dyes contain from 0.0525 to 0.3075 mg PPD /0.2 g with an average recovery 99% and average standard deviations of 1.198%

Inhibitory activity of natural phenolic compounds isolated from callus culture of cotyledon leaves of Jatropha curcas L. against pathogenic bacteria

Anfal Z. Al-Hayali , Qutaiba S. Al-Nema — Sat, 19 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Jatropha curcas L. is characterized by its high content of oil and its ability to grow in different conditions. Also one of the important medicinal plants, as its leaves have been used to treat many diseases. They contain a group of active compounds, including phenols. The current study performed the separation and estimation of phenolic content using HPLC technology from cotyledon callus and follow up its inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria. Different types of phenolic compounds were identified in both crude ethanolic and phenolic extract. The highest concentration was reported compound with 4-hydroxy benzoic acid, which reached 239.6957mgL^-1 for the ethanolic crude extract and 286.4765mgL^-1 for the phenolic extract. The lowest concentration was for the Rutin compound that reached 0.0021mgL^-1 for the crude ethanolic extract. The compound Gallic acid, reached 0.1678mgL^-1 for the phenolic extract. The ethanolic and phenolic crude extracts also showed effectiveness against a number of humans and plants pathogenic bacteria. The remarkable effect of the ethanolic crude extract was against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria with a diameter of 13 mm of inhibition zone, while the highest inhibitory effect was for the phenolic extract against Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 with a diameter of 25 mm of inhibition zone.