ALI, H.; هشام. Impacts of Ottomans reforms on Bilad Al-Sham and Hijaz. Journal of Education for the Humanities , [S. l.], v. 3, n. 9, p. 537–556, Disponível em: https://ojs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/jeh/article/view/42870. Acesso em: 18 sep. 2025.