Negative thermal extremes of the Siberian system during the winter (2022-2023) in Iraq (Mosul station as an example)

Section: Article
Published
Jun 24, 2025
Pages
405-430

Abstract

The Siberian high pressure system is the strongest pressure system controlling the atmosphere of Iraq during the winter months and most days of the spring months. Its effect is clearly visible on the daily temperature decrease (extremism) for each month of the winter climate season (2022-2023), especially the minimum temperatures at the station. Mosul is the climatic factor chosen in the research and study. Extremism is a variable weather condition that is unusual, in which the rate of the climatic component varies higher and lower than its normal rate. The daily rates at the Mosul station during the study season were relied upon, issued by the climate department of the authority. General meteorology and seismic monitoring, as well as using the interpretation of the daily weather map received from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for each day of extremes to track the climatic reason behind the occurrence of thermal extremes (cold extreme days) at the Mosul climate station. The strength of the Siberian pressure system prevailing at the level also varied. The surface level is 1000 millibars and knowing how deep or shallow it is according to each case of the day of each month, the researcher found a variation in the number of days (cases) of thermal extremes during one month, with one day being unique in recording the highest or lowest extreme values, as the lowest extreme values were recorded on the cold days during the month of February. On the seventeenth day thereof, at a rate of (-3.8) C, as a result of the concentration of the air high at the surface level of 1000 millibars over the city of Mosul and its deepening at the pressure level of 850 millibars, accompanied by the advance of a polar groove at the level of 500 millibars towards Iraq and the study area, which caused a clear (extreme) decrease in temperature rates. The minimum temperature for that day, followed by the cold thermal extreme on the eleventh day of January, amounting to (-1.06) C The reason for this is attributed to the dominance of the Siberian-Eurasian high above the surface, the deepening of its influence in the upper level of 850 millibars, and the presence of the dented pressure pattern in the middle level of the troposphere, as it contributed The polar characteristics that it carries made an effective contribution to reducing and extremes in the average minimum temperature for that day at the Mosul station, while the highest rate of thermal extremes during the season was recorded on the twenty-fifth day of October 2022, which is one of the months that represents the first beginnings of the highs entry into the territory of Iraq and thus Its effect is less severe in causing extremes in lower temperature rates.

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How to Cite

Majed, A., & علياء. (2025). Negative thermal extremes of the Siberian system during the winter (2022-2023) in Iraq (Mosul station as an example). Journal of Education for the Humanities, 4(16), 405–430. Retrieved from https://ojs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/jeh/article/view/6050