Negative thermal extremism in the undulating region of Iraq

The research to study negative thermal extremes in the undulating region, by relying on analyzing the daily data of the lowest temperatures of the stations (Mosul, Sinjar, Erbil, AL-Shirkat, Kirkuk, Al-Jazirah, Al-Jazeera 2, Al-Jazirah 3, Al-Baaj and Baiji) for the period from (1/1/1990 to 12/31/2012) And taken from the US space agency NASA, and an analysis of daily weather maps for the two surveys (00:00) and (12:00) GMT from the Weather Center of the US state of Plymouth, and the results showed that frost waves exceeded by (60.43%) over cold waves, which achieved a rate of (39.85%). ) Of the total periods of extremism, and the European High recorded the highest contribution to the occurrence of frost waves (44.82%), while the European and Siberian atmospheric highs contributed to the month occurrence of cold waves by (31.57%), and the of January recorded the highest number of frost waves, while the share was the largest for the month of February in recording cold waves, the longest frost wave reached (17) days in January in Mosul station in 2008, while the longest cold wave (6 days was in December for Al Jazeera station in 2005.