The Literary Reference of the Title in Amal Danqal's Poetry

The present research sheds light on the literary reference in modern poetry. It particularly aims at tackling the literary reference of the title in the works of the Egyptian poet Amal Danqal (1940-1983) by fathoming into a number of his poems titles that convey signals of literary references through which he wanted to express his thoughts on the critical social and political situations the Arab Nation, especially Egypt, had undergone at his time. To achieve this aim, Danqal employed a number of Arabic folk characters and biographies that imply literary references, taking the title as his point of departure since it is considered to be one of the most significant paratexts that connects the text with the reader on the one hand, and the text with the reference on the other hand.