The political and administrative side of India through "Mu'jam AL-Buldan" by Yaqut al-Hamawi

Yaqut Al Hamawi (626 AH/1229 AD) is one of the most important historians who talked about India, and he quoted his material about it in his review of many historical and local sources dating back to the time period of the century (I AH /VII AD - VI AH /XII AD), and because he was engaged in trade, he provided us with valuable information obtained through meeting merchants who were dealing with India.The research in this study dealt with the change that occurred in Indian cities politically and administratively, new cities arose and old ones disappeared, and independent Arab and Islamic governments and Emirates were established in the province of Sindh by Muslim Arabs, some of which were followed by the Umayyad state and the Abbasid state after it, India before Islam was multiple kingdoms.The research was divided into three sections, the first section stated: (definition of Hamawi rubies) and the second section was devoted to the geography of India and its naming, while the third section dealt with (the Islamic Emirates that Hamawi talked about) .