Impacts of Ottomans reforms on Bilad Al-Sham and Hijaz

The reformist groups movement that emerged in the Ottoman State is considered a renaissance and resurgence in the Ottoman history especially since it came with the end of the first half of the nineteenth century However the reform emerged and truly began during of Sultan Saleem III 1807-1789 AD and the signs and steps of reform and organization continued during the reing of Sultan Mahmood II 1839-1785 AD The fruits of the reform results began to appear in the Ottoman State during the period of the reign of Sultan Abdulmajeed I, whose reing was linked to the issuance of the Sharif kulkhanah decree 1839 AD and the Humayun one 1856 AD These tow decrees had a clear impact on the reform movement over all parts and government institutions of the Ottoman State and in all civil political, military, economic and social aspects We also note that the reforms have covered all the States of the Ottoman State as these reforms contributed to improving the conditions of Bilad AL-Sham and Hijaz states in terms of the administrative aspect its divisions and its administrative powers Besides in terms of the educational, cultural and social aspects we note the opening of a number of educational and vocational schools the issuance of some newspapers and magazines the emergence of books translation and the establishment of some printing presses We also note that among the reform process that emerged in the state of Hijaz is the establishment of Hijaz Railway which had an important and significant role in many aspects in the Ottoman State, including the religious economic and military ones which we will talk about clearly in the research