The concept of friendship among primary school students in the city of mosul

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of friendship among primary school students in the city of Mosul, and to identify individual differences in the level of friendship according to the variables of gender (males, females) , and school grade (The second, The third, The fourth, The fifth) ,The researchers relied on the descriptive approach , and the research population consisted of (271486) male and female students for the academic year (2022-2023) ,The researchers chose a stratified random sample of (208) male and female students , with a ratio of (0.002) , The number of males was (104) and the number of females was (104) , distributed according to the variables of gender , and academic grade , The researchers relied on the synthesis approach , because they did not find a theory at the core of the subject that could be relied upon in constructing the friendship test , For the purpose of achieving the research objectives , the two researchers built a friendship test, which may consist of three main areas (the area of self-focus , the contractual or social area , and the psychological or internal area) , The researchers was able to verify the validity and reliability of the test items, and the apparent validity was verified by presenting it , It was conducted on a group of experts and arbitrators, and its discriminatory power was extracted, in addition to the correlation coefficient between the score of each item and the total score of the test , Thus , the test in its final form consisted of (24) items,The reliability coefficient of the test was calculated using the inter-rater reliability method , The reliability coefficient of this method reached (0.799) degrees, in addition to the Kbauder-Richardson method ,The reliability coefficient in this method reached (0.862) degrees , and after processing the data using statistical methods , the results showed that primary school students in the city of Mosul enjoy a high level of friendship , in addition to the absence of statistically significant differences between students in the level of friendship depending on the geographical gender variable (males, females) , and school grade (The second, The third, The fourth, The Fifth), in light of these results , the researchers came to a set of proposals, which are as follows:1 - Conducting a study on the relationship of the concept of friendship with other concepts such as: self-confidence, methods of treating parents , and anxiety Academic achievement, social status, economic level, etc .2 - Conducting a study that addresses the concept of friendship among other groups, such as teenagers or university students .