Volume 21 Issue 1
Published: 2025-06-25
Contents
Research Paper
Evaluation of the Expression of Immunohistochemical Staining of PDL1 in Renal Cell Cancer
Rihab Mohammed Edress Al-Nuaimy, Nahla A. Saber,
Background and objectives: To evade anti-tumour responses, tumour cells expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), which play a role in suppressing the adaptive arm of immune systems. It has been...
Evaluate the Fluctuation in the Level of PTH, and Assess the Relationship Between PTH and Some Biochemical Parameter in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Nahla A. Saber, Zahraa H. Alsarraf,
Background: As a key regulator of bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone (PTH) also modulates the homeostatic response to changes in plasma calcium concentrations. PTH values are often used in...
Smoking Behaviors and Related Factors Among Secondary School Students in Duhok City
Alaa Noori Sarkees, Sardar Abdullah Issa,
Background: The use of tobacco products among adolescents is a global health concern with reduced available information about the driving cause enhancing smoking in school-age adolescents and the...
Review Paper
Mechanisms and Linkage of Insulin Signaling, Resistance, and Inflammation
Mohammed Najim Abed, Fawaz A. Alassaf, khalil Amjad Hadid
Background: Chronic inflammation is responsible for low insulin sensitivity, making obesity a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome....
A Comprehensive View on Drugs-Induced Cardiotoxicity and Its Prevention
Musab M. Khalaf, Abdulnaser Ahmad Ali, Abdulla A. Ahmad,
Background: The prevention of drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a complicated challenge facing healthcare providers during the last few decades. This challenge is raised from the unclear definition of...
