Application of Internet of Things, Terrain, and Geology for Selecting Optimum Oil Pipeline Network

The characteristics and properties of the terrain and geological factors of the Earth are important factors in selecting an oil pipeline network. This paper highlights the study of these factors and how to choose the appropriate geographical location to establish the pipeline network for transporting oil between five Iraqi governorates. This study aims to choose the shortest path between these governorates by applying the special branch and bound algorithm in solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP), where the theoretical concept of this problem is similar to the study prepared in this research in terms of choosing the shortest path between the governorates starting from the starting point and passing through the four governorates, and then returning to the same point. In this context, the process of determining the coordinates of the longitude and latitude of the geographical location after completing the study of all geological factors is done by using a GPS module, whose method of operation is based on its work that depends on the sensors used with the Wi-Fi IoT device, called particle photon. The study also aims to find out the errors related to the distortion of the transmission signal in the GPS unit, such as high buildings, rocks, and satellite interference. The importance of this study is to prepare a team that combines computer science and Internet of Things applications with geologists and oil experts, because oil exploration requires practical experience in geology and topography, with the possibility of implementing algorithms and applications by computer engineers.