Saber Qasim, Omar, and عمر. “Hybridization of a Hidden Markov Model Using Elman Neural Network With Application”. AL-Rafidain Journal of Computer Sciences and Mathematics 11, no. 1 (June 25, 2025): 25–42. Accessed August 6, 2025. https://ojs.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/csmj/article/view/19384.